2,408 research outputs found
Automated Selection of Active Orbital Spaces
One of the key challenges of quantum-chemical multi-configuration methods is
the necessity to manually select orbitals for the active space. This selection
requires both expertise and experience and can therefore impose severe
limitations on the applicability of this most general class of ab initio
methods. A poor choice of the active orbital space may yield even qualitatively
wrong results. This is obviously a severe problem, especially for wave function
methods that are designed to be systematically improvable. Here, we show how
the iterative nature of the density matrix renormalization group combined with
its capability to include up to about one hundred orbitals in the active space
can be exploited for a systematic assessment and selection of active orbitals.
These benefits allow us to implement an automated approach for active orbital
space selection, which can turn multi-configuration models into black box
approaches.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, 5 table
Measuring Multi-Configurational Character by Orbital Entanglement
One of the most critical tasks at the very beginning of a quantum chemical
investigation is the choice of either a multi- or single-configurational
method. Naturally, many proposals exist to define a suitable diagnostic of the
multi-configurational character for various types of wave functions in order to
assist this crucial decision. Here, we present a new orbital-entanglement based
multi-configurational diagnostic termed . The correspondence of
orbital entanglement and static (or nondynamic) electron correlation permits
the definition of such a diagnostic. We chose our diagnostic to meet important
requirements such as well-defined limits for pure single-configurational and
multi-configurational wave functions. The diagnostic can be
evaluated from a partially converged, but qualitatively correct, and therefore
inexpensive density matrix renormalization group wave function as in our
recently presented automated active orbital selection protocol. Its robustness
and the fact that it can be evaluated at low cost make this diagnostic a
practical tool for routine applications.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure, 3 table
Assessing Post-ADA Employment: Some Econometric Evidence and Policy Considerations
This article explores the relationship between the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and the relative labor market outcomes for people with disabilities. Using individual-level longitudinal data from 1981 to 1996 derived from the previously unexploited Panel Study of Income Dynamics (“PSID”), we examine the possible effect of the ADA on (1) annual weeks worked; (2) annual earnings; and (3) hourly wages for a sample of 7120 unique male household heads between the ages of 21 and 65 as well as a subset of 1437 individuals appearing every year from 1981 to 1996. Our analysis of the larger sample suggests the ADA had a negative impact on the employment levels of disabled persons relative to non-disabled persons but no impact on relative earnings. However, our evaluation of the restricted sample raises questions about these findings. Using these data, we find little evidence of adverse effects on weeks worked but strong evidence of wage declines for the disabled, albeit declines beginning in 1986, well before the ADA’s passage. These results therefore cast doubt on the adverse ADA-related impacts found in previous studies, particularly Acemoglu and Angrist (2001). The conflicting narratives that emerge from our analysis shed new light on, but also counsel caution in reaching final conclusions about, the impact of the ADA on employment outcomes for people with disabilities
Assessing Post-ADA Employment: Some Econometric Evidence and Policy Considerations
This article explores the relationship between the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and the relative labor market outcomes for people with disabilities. Using individual-level longitudinal data from 1981 to 1996 derived from the previously unexploited Panel Study of Income Dynamics (“PSID”), we examine the possible effect of the ADA on (1) annual weeks worked; (2) annual earnings; and (3) hourly wages for a sample of 7120 unique male household heads between the ages of 21 and 65 as well as a subset of 1437 individuals appearing every year from 1981 to 1996. Our analysis of the larger sample suggests the ADA had a negative impact on the employment levels of disabled persons relative to non-disabled persons but no impact on relative earnings. However, our evaluation of the restricted sample raises questions about these findings. Using these data, we find little evidence of adverse effects on weeks worked but strong evidence of wage declines for the disabled, albeit declines beginning in 1986, well before the ADA’s passage. These results therefore cast doubt on the adverse ADA-related impacts found in previous studies, particularly Acemoglu and Angrist (2001). The conflicting narratives that emerge from our analysis shed new light on, but also counsel caution in reaching final conclusions about, the impact of the ADA on employment outcomes for people with disabilities
Vibrational Density Matrix Renormalization Group
Variational approaches for the calculation of vibrational wave functions and
energies are a natural route to obtain highly accurate results with
controllable errors. However, the unfavorable scaling and the resulting high
computational cost of standard variational approaches limit their application
to small molecules with only few vibrational modes. Here, we demonstrate how
the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) can be exploited to optimize
vibrational wave functions (vDMRG) expressed as matrix product states. We study
the convergence of these calculations with respect to the size of the local
basis of each mode, the number of renormalized block states, and the number of
DMRG sweeps required. We demonstrate the high accuracy achieved by vDMRG for
small molecules that were intensively studied in the literature. We then
proceed to show that the complete fingerprint region of the sarcosyn-glycin
dipeptide can be calculated with vDMRG.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 4 table
Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 controls branching morphogenesis in the developing mammary gland
Macrophages are important regulators of branching morphogenesis during development and postnatally in the mammary gland. Regulation of macrophage dynamics during these processes can therefore have a profound impact on development. We demonstrate here that the developing mammary gland expresses high levels of inflammatory CC-chemokines, which are essential in vivo regulators of macrophage migration. We further demonstrate that the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2, which scavenges inflammatory CC-chemokines, is differentially expressed during mammary gland development. We have previously shown that ACKR2 regulates macrophage dynamics during lymphatic vessel development. Here, we extend these observations to reveal a novel role for ACKR2 in regulating the postnatal development of the mammary gland. Specifically, we show that Ackr2−/− mice display precocious mammary gland development. This is associated with increased macrophage recruitment to the developing gland and increased density of the ductal epithelial network. These data demonstrate that ACKR2 is an important regulator of branching morphogenesis in diverse biological contexts and provide the first evidence of a role for chemokines and their receptors in postnatal development processes
- …